Singapore

Sociolinguistic Observations
on its Society and Languages (2/2)

Singapore e Sia-hoe Gigian-hak Koan-chhat  [Romanized Taiwanese Version]

by Wi-vun Taiffalo Chiung (蔣為文)

[漢羅台語版]

 

 

 

[Lai khoaN 6/24-25 e Jit-ki]


Singapore 6/26/2000

        Kin-a-jit si 9th International Conference on Chinese Linguistics e te it git. Chit e hoe beh khui 3 kang. Kin-ni si National University of Singapore sou chu-pan. Chit e hoe chu-iau si cho Han-gi e gian-kiu, pau-ham Hoa-gi, Kng-tang-oe, Hokkian-oe, Kheh-oe, teng. To-sou iau si i Hoa-gi (Mandarin) ui chu. Gichhian chian che lai e hakchia long si thoan-thong Han-gi sian-un-hak e gian-kiu-chia. In e hengchhu msi thui "kou-im," to si cho "hong-gian" e pi-kau gian-kiu.

        Chit pai hoat-piau e lunbun u 196 phin. Tai-kai u beh kah 300 lang lai chhamka. U ui Taioan, Hongkong, Tiongkok, Malaisea (Malaysia), Jitpun, Hoatkok, Bikok, kap Singapore tengteng e kokka. Taioan lai e, chiu goa sou-chai, u Ng Bikim (黃美金), Teng Siu-sin (鄧守信), Tang Tiong-si (董忠司), Iau Eng-siong (姚榮松), Ho Sam-pun (何三本), kap Sin-tek Su-in Taioan gibun-sou, Chenghoa gigian-sou, Tai-tai gigian-sou teng e hakseng. Chit kui ni Taioan e gigianhak e hakseng ti hoat-piau-hoe hongbin chin chekkek. Ku-ni ti Bikok ki-pan e Sino-Tibetan conference, goa ma tu-tioh Cheng-tai kap Chhenghoa e hakseng. Ti Tekchiu San Antonia ki-pan e Se-lam (Southwest) gigian hak-hoe (LASSO) ma tu-tioh 1 e Tai-tai lai e hakseng.

        Chit koa Taioan lai e hakseng, tek-piat si Sin-tek Su-in e, long chin pi-su, ma chin khe-khi. In chiun tai esi long be-su teh hiong lau-su cho hakki poko anne. In long e kong "Takke ho, goa si Taioan e Sin-tek Su-in e giankiuseng, chhian kok-ui su-tiun to-to chi-kau" (iong Hoa-gi kong e). In hou goa e kam-kak si in tui ka-ti e sinsim bo san kau. Chhenghoa, Tai-tai lai e hit kui-e hakseng e chengheng khah ho sio-khah.

        Chong-si, goa kam-kak chit kui-e hakseng lai chia, tam-poh-a si eng-hu eng-hu nia. Khah ho sio-khoa e hit kui-e ma chi-si siun beh chhamka conference e kilok, thang-ho bi-lai chhoe thau-lou khah hong-pian. Hit kui-e cho Taigi gian-kiu e hakseng, goa khoan be chhut in tui Taigi u san liat-cheng. Kan-tan ki-tiong 1 e, i pun-sin si eng-ui seng chiap-chhiok Taigibun (i chaiian Tai Bun Tong Sin) chiah khi kho Su-in e Taigi-sou, u khah toa e liat-cheng.

        Goa kui pai siun beh chiap-chhiok chit koa hakseng, kong koa Taigi hiatchia si gigianhak e taichi, mkoh in leng-tam e hoan-eng, hou goa chin sit-bong.

        Chit e gian-tho-hoe sui-lian si "international," mkoh chu-iau su-iong e gigian iau-si Hoa-gi. Pou-hun Se-hng lai e hakchia iong Enggi.

        Chengsek hoat-piau i-goa e tiun-hap, ke-kiam e thian tioh Hiongkang-lang kong Kngtang-oe, kantan han leh thian tioh Taioanlang kong Taigi. Chit e hoe, m-tan si kong Hoa-gi, khi-hun ma chin Tiongkok-khui. Put-li-ko, goa be siun-khi, in-ui che pun-lai to si in Tiongkok e "Chinese Linguistics" e gian-tho-hoe. Taioanlang bi-lai iau si u su-iau ka-ti e International Conference on Taiwanese Linguistics. Taioan sui-lian bat pan-koe kui pai Taioan gigian e kokche gian-tho-hoe, mkoh long bo tak tang ke-siok pan. Gichhian chin kho-sioh e si bat hoat-seng koe kim-chi iong Taigi hoat-gian e su-kian.

        Tiong-tau chiah png esi, ham Ng Bi-kim kang toh. I chaiian goa ui Taioan lai, tng teh ti Bikok that gigianhak liau, ma chin chekkek theh 1 hun Taioan Gigianhak Hak-hoe e thongsin hou goa, chio goa lai chhamka. I ma the-khi kong in u 1 e project tng teh cho. He si iukoan Tang-A kap Tang-lam-A e gigian chengchhek e pi-kau gian-kiu. Chongsi, i tui siau-lian-poe e gigian hakka e koan-sim, hou goa kam-kak chin i-goa.

        Amsi ti Fu Lu Show (福祿壽) hu-kin seh. Hia u kui-keng-a chhiun-phin-hang. Lai-te long u chit-koa Taigi-koa. Ki-tiong 1 keng koh u Taioan e koa-a-hi e VCD. Chhin-chhiun Ho-lo koa-a-hi-thoan e Thian Go Ian (天鵝宴), Iap Chheng kap Iun Le-hoa teng e koa-a-hi, teng. Lenggoa u 1 keng it-tit teh pang "Hokkian-oe" e phoan-chhiun-toa, chhin-chhiun An-tong-ko Be2 Chhai teng. Hit te toa lai-te chhiun e, esai kong kap Taioan e khiun-khau chha-put-to. Goa thau-a kio-si he si Taioan chin-khau lai e. Mng thau-ke liau chiah chai hit e koa-chhen si Malaysia e lang.

        Singapore e Hokkian-oe, ki-pun-siong goa iau thian u. Hit e kam-kak to na Taioan 70 hoe i-siong e lang the kong Taigi anne. Singapore e Hokkian-oe ham Taigi e chha-piat, bo tek-piat siu-chip gi-liau cho pi-kau, sou-i bo-hoat-tou kong siong-se. Put-li-ko, chhou-pou thian tioh bo kang e u ni-tai e liam-hoat. Pi-lu, 1997 ni, in e liam "it kau kau chhit."

        Lai Singapore chincheng, kio-si chia u chin che lang e-hiau kong Hokkian-oe, kiat-kiok goa lai chia ka chhi-tham, chiah hoat-hian i-keng bo hiah che lang e-hiau kong Hokkian-oe a. Kun-ku goa chhou-pou e koan-chhat, chu-iau si tiong-lian i-siong, kap khah e-kha-chan e lang ke-kiam-a u the kong. Ti Fu Lu Show hu-kin tah san-lian-chhia, hiat-chia be7 chui-ko e, ke-kiam u thian in teh kong. Hokkian-oe, Kng-tang-oe, Tio-chiu-oe, teng, ti Singapore long hong tong-cho si "hong-gian." Singapore cheng-hu thui-tong kong Hoa-gi un-tong, bok-tek chu-iau to si beh hit koa kong bo-kang gigian e lang hong-khi goan-lai e bo-gi gin-tong, kai gin "Hoa-gi" cho sin e "bo-gi."

        Singapore e kau-iok si siang-gi kau-iok. Chu-iau si Enggi kap ka-ti chokkun e bo-gi. Hokkian-oe, Kng-tang-oe, Hakfa, teng chit koa gigian bo pau-ham ti hak-hau kau-iok lai-te. Che si eng-ui kong hit koa gigian e lang i-keng hou Singapore cheng-hu kiong-pek chiap-siu "Hoa-gi" cho sin e bo-gi gin-tong a. Sou-i "Hoa-jin" ti hak-hau kan-tan esai soan "Hoa-gi" cho bo-gi. Chit-mai toa-pou-hun e Singapore Hoa-jin long e-hiau kong Hoa-gi a. Singapore e Hoa-gi ham Tiongkok e Pakkian-oe pi khit-lai, khah chiap-kin Taioan. In ma khah bo kng-chih, khiun-khau ham Taipak Hoa-gi chha-put-to. Choe-kin tian thian tioh bo kang e khiun-khau si "研究." Singapore-lang long kong "yan2 jiu1" (ti Taioan si thak " yan2 jiu2"). Ki-than e chha-piat, chu-iau si gi-su e bo kang. Pi-lu, "乘客" in kong "搭客." Tu-liau gi-su e chha-piat, bun-ji ma u chha. Hanji ti Singapore chu-iau si chhai-iong Tiongkok e kan-the-ji.

        Chai goa khoan, Singapore thui-sak "Hoa-gi Un-tong" e seng-kong, u 2 e im-sou. Ia-to-si, lai-pou im-sou kap goa-pou im-sou. Lai-pou im-sou chu-iau si li-iong "Hoa-gi" kiat-hap "Hoa-jin" e jin-tong, ti Singapore e chok-kun mou-tun lai-te chiam-nia cheng-ti kap keng-che e chu-goan. Goa-chai im-sou si u i Hoa-gi cho kok-gi e Tiongkok cho hio-tun. Tiongkok tui Singapore e Hoa-jin lai kong, si in a-kong a-ma e ko-hiong; gi-chhian Tiongkok tui Singapore lai kong bo tit-chiap e ui-hiap (eng-ui Tiongkok m-bat kong Singapore si Tiongkok e chit pou-hun); ka-siong Tiongkok chit kui ni e keng-che tau-tau-a ho khit-lai, oh Hoa-gi u sit-chit-siong cho sengli e ho-chhu.

Singapore 6/27/2000

        Kin-a-jit si gian-tho-hoe e te 2 kang. Kin-a-jit mng tioh chai-te-lang, chiah chai khui-hoe e hu-kin u 1 keng Jitpun-lang tau-chu e chheh-tiam "Kinokuniya紀伊國屋."  Kinokuniya si ti Ngee Ann City (義安城) lai-te. Put-li-a toa keng, chheh ma chin che. Pi chin-cheng khoain e Tai-chiong (大眾) chheh-tiam ke chin ho, ma ke chin che jin-bun hong-bin e chheh.

        Kinokuniya lai-te tai-kai u 7 sian si Engbun chheh, 2 sian khah ke si Jit-bun chheh, chhun-e bo kah 1 sian e Tiongbun chheh. Tiongbun chheh lai-te, toa pou-hun (goa ioh u 9 sian i-siong) si Taioan chin-khau lai e. Tiongbun chheh lai-te, toa pou-hun si khah Tiongkok-khui (中國氣) e, chio-sou si u Taioan-bi (台灣味) e. Taioan-bi e chheh, u khoain iu-koan Loa Ho (賴和) e chheh, Giok-san chhut-pan-sia chhut e A-ma e Kou-su, kap Ten Liong-ui (鄭良偉) kau-siu chhut e hit 4 pun Taigi gian-kiu e chheh. Khah kho-sioh e si bo khoain Taigi bunhak e chok-phin. Taigibun e chok-phin na esai thui-sak kau Taioan i-goa e sou-chai, etang cheng-ka Taioan bunhoa ti se-kai e eng-hiong kap leng-kian-tou (能見度). Thau-koe bunji e bo kang, ma thang hou se-kai e lang chai-ian Taioan ham Tiongkok e ki-pun chha-ek.

        Am-tng si tai-hoe an-pai e ian-hoe. Chhai-sek chin chhen-chhau. Hit am ham Iau Eng-siong, Tang Tiong-si, Tiok Ka-ling (竺家寧), teng lang che kang toh. Goa ham Iau Eng-siong khai-kang chit-koa Oatlam gian-kiu e taichi. Tang Tiong-si u hiong goa the-khi Taioan Gibun Hak-hoe, mng goa khoan beh chhamka bo. Chit pai Sin-tek Su-in e hakseng lai kui-a-e (thian kong si 8 e), khoan e chhut Tang Tiong-si kau-siu ti chit hong-bin e iong-sim.

        Beh-am-a ti MRT (Mass Rapid Trans) e jip-khau u a-po-a teh be7 po-choa. Goa ka be2 2 hun Tiongbun po-choa, i ka goa kong "khou gi" ($1.2).

        Amsi che MRT tng-lai, keng-koe Fu Lu Show esi, hoat-hian pin-a e hang-a lin u chit tin lang kheh ti hia mchai teh khoan sian. Goa oa koe ka khoan, goan-lai si u koa-chhen teh chu-chhiun e lou-thian chhan-thian. Goa khi hit chun, tng teh chhiun Chhoa Chhiu-hong (蔡秋鳳) hit siu "Kim Pau Gin 金包銀." Soa-lai ma koh u kui-a-siu Taigi-koa, chhin-chhiun "Sim-su Sian Lang Chai," "Ai-cheng e Phian-chu." Tu-liau u Taigi-koa, ma u Hoa-gi-koa, Thai-kok kap Kng-tang-koa. Ti hia, khia ti chhan-thian goa-ui thian bian-chin e lang pi sit-che lap-chin jip-khi chhan-thian che e lang-kheh khah che. Hia e thian-chiong, goa kam-kak khit-lai toa pou-hun si e-kha-kai-chan e.

        Fu Lu Show hia u san-lian-chhia e chip-hap-tiun. Chiu goa e koan-chhat, u be chio san-lian-chhia-hu ehiau kong Hokkian-oe.

Singapore 6/28/2000

        Kin-a-jit si goa hoat-piau lunbun e si-kan. Goa e phiau-te si "Hanji tui Gisu Gin-ti e Eng-hiong." He si ui cognition e kak-tou lai phoe-phoan "u im to u ji" e konghoat. Kho-sioh goa hit tiun e thian-chiong bo kah 10 lang. Khoan e chhut chham-ka chit e gian-tho-hoe e lang tui cognition e gian-kiu bo san heng-chhu.

        Chang thian siu-im-ki esi, chong-sng hou goa thian tioh u Hokkian-oe e hong-sang a. Put-ko, kantan 3 hun-cheng nia. He si ti FM 958 e sim-bun toan-po thian tioh e.

        Singapore e kong-po chha-put-to chit-poan i-siong e chiat-bok si kong Enggi e, chhun-e si ki-than e gigian.

Singapore 6/29/2000

        Kin-a-jit khi National Library kap Sengkeng Kong-hoe chhoe khoan u Peh-oe-ji e chu-liau bo.

        National Library lai-te e tian-nau hian-si hia u kui-a pun iu-koan Peh-oe-ji e chheh. Goa ui tian-nau lai-te keng 2 pun chhian tou-su-koan-goan pang goa tiau chheh chhut-lai. Kiat-ko kan-tan ki-tiong e chit pun chhoe u nia. Hit pun si "The Hokkien Vernacular. English Text with English Notes and Chinese Romanized Version." He si G. T. Hare, C.M.G., C.I.S.O. sou phian-chip, 1904 ni ti Kuala Lumpur sou chhut-pan e. Hit pun chheh lai-te Peh-oe-ji e hu-ho kap phin-im-hoat ham Barclay bok-su sou hoat-heng e Taioan Hu-sian Kau-hoe-po chha-put-to. Kan-tan u sio-khoa e chha-piat, pi-lu kong "o." ti Hokkien Vernacular lai-te si sia "ŏ;" "hian" si phin cho "hien." Lenggoa, chit pun chheh lai-te e kho-bun long bo phiau sian-tiau. Ki-tiong u 1 toan sia tioh Taioan kong "Taioan si tang-lam hng e hai-su, si pin si hai, lai-bin e soan-nian chin tsoe, iah koain koh toa."

        Chit pun chheh chin ku a (chheh-phoe si ang-sek e), tou-su-koan-goan hoan-hu goa besai ian-in, na beh to ai ui microfilm in chhut-lai. Ti National Library, it poan ian-in chi-iau 5 cent nia, kiat-ko ui microfilm in, 1 tiun ai 50 cent, sit-chai kui si.

        National Library e pin-a hu-kin si Singapore Sengkeng Kong-hoe. Lai-te u be7 Taioan chin-khau lai e Hakfa kap Taigi e Sengkeng. Goa mng tiam-goan kong in kam u Singapore ka-ti hoan e Hakfa kap Hokkian-oe e sengkeng. I kong bo.

        Amsi ti toa e hostel e kheh-thian hia sia pit-ki. Pin-a u kui-e Hankok lai e iu-kheh, ni-ki tai-kai long 20 thong. Goa kamkak Jitpun ham Hankok e siau-lian-lang chhut-ko chu-chou lu-heng e hong-khi pi Taioan e siau-lian-e ke chin koan. Put-si ti hostel long e tu-tioh Jitpun ham Hankok e siau-lian-lang, phian-phian chin han leh tu-tioh Taioan e siau-lian-ke. Chhiun goa 1998 ni ti Oatlam oh Oatlam-oe esi, kantan tu-tioh Jitpun ham Hakkok lang, to bo tu-tioh Taioan e siau-lian-a.

        Kin-a-jit si ti Singapore theng-liu e siong boe kang. Mi-a-chai to beh che hui-ki kau Oatlam e Hanoi (河內).

 

[Lai khoaN 6/24-25 e Jit-ki]

 

 

Singapore e po-choa


The Hokkien Vernacular. English Text with English Notes and Chinese Romanized Version.

Bo phiau sian-tiau e Peh-oe-ji sia-hoat


Copyright 2000  by Taiwan Buffalo International
All Rights Reserved

Updated 03/08/01